Easy humanities

Balance of payments (BOP) The balance of payments (BOP) refers to the systematic record of all the financial and economic transactions made by the residents of the country with the rest of the world. It is the summary of all the financial transactions made by the individuals, corporate firms, and the government etc. It includes all the external visible and non-visible financial transactions of the country. The BOP of a country gives information about its ability to pay for its imports. It gives information about the position of the country with respect to issues like currency crisis, capital flows and its impact on the economy etc. It also gives valuable insights into its economic output which is required for its economic growth. What is the balance of trade (BOT)? The BOP should not be confused with Balance of trade (BOT). BOT is different from the balance of payment of a country. The balance of trade shows the difference between the country s monetary value of exports and imp

  Till 18th century, Indian agriculture and cottage industries had a very strong relation. India held prominent place in field of agriculture and handicraft production in the world. The coming of British colonial rulers destroyed handicraft industry while causing far-reaching changes in country’s agrarian structure by introducing novel systems of land tenure and policies of revenue administration. British mainly adopted three types of land tenure systems. Permanent Settlement /Zamindari System:  Roughly 19% of total area under British rule – Bengal, bihar, Banaras, NWFP divisions. Ryotwari System:  Covered about 51% of the area under British Rule – Assam, Bombay and Madras Presidencies. Mahalwari System:  Covered 30% of area under British Rule – major parts of NWFP, central provinces and Punjab. Let us study each one of these Land revenue system and land settlements under British rule in India. Permanent Settlement or Istamarari (Sthayi) Bandobast It was introduced in Bengal, Orissa, B

  Sources of Ancient History literary sources Vedic, Sanskrit, Pali, Prakrit and other literature and foreign accounts. archaeological epigraphic, numismatic and architectural remains, archaeological explorations and excavations study of development of scripts:  palaeography . study of inscriptions:  epigraphy . study of coins:  numismatics study of monuments, material remains : Archeology Literary Sources: Indian Tradition of History Writing Many foreign scholars opined that Indians had no sense of history writing and whatever was written in the name of history is nothing more than a story without any sense. But this appears to be a very harsh judgment.. Because the knowledge of history was given a very high place in ancient India. It was accorded sanctity equal to a Veda. Atharvaveda, Brahmans and Upanishads include Itihas-Purana as one of the branches of knowledge. Kautilya in his Arthashastra (fourth century B.C.) advises the king to devote a part of his time every day for hearing