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Mughal Emperor Akbar

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  Biography of Emperor Akbar Akbar was born in Umerkot in present-day Sindh, Pakistan as the son of  Humayun  and Hamida Banu Begum on 15 October 1542. He was born in a Rajput fortress where his parents were living in refuge under the local ruler Rana Prasad. He was raised by his uncles and aunts in Kabul. His full name was Abu’l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar. Humayun had fled to Sindh after his defeat by Sher Shah Suri of the  Sur Dynasty  around 1540, and he succeeded in getting the Mughal Empire back only in 1555. But after a few months, he died and left the empire into the hands of his 13-year-old son Akbar, in 1556. Akbar was declared Shahanshah by his regent Bairam Khan in Kalanaur, Punjab. Bairam Khan acted as regent until 1560 when he was dismissed by Akbar. Akbar went on to extend his father’s empire substantially through successful military conquests and astute political marriages with Rajput families. He occupied Delhi, Agra, Lahore, Multan and Malwa. He then focused on R
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Early Islamic World: Biography Ibn Battuta

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Ibn Battuta was one of the great geographers and explorers of the 14th century and his book “Travels of Ibn Battuta” is a treasure trove for anyone wishing to know more about Asian trading routes and hubs of this era and the people and cultures that populated and surrounded them. During his travels, Battuta visited the lands of every Muslim ruler, and he also experienced non-Muslim lands such as Byzantium, Russia, Ceylon (Sri Lanka) and China first hand. In addition to his overland trips, Battuta made many journeys by ship; chiefly on the Red Sea, the Arabian Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the China Seas. Despite the rich and detailed written account he left as a legacy, Ibn Battuta is largely ignored in modern-day history books in favor of other travel authors such as Marco Polo. Introduction Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Battuta, also known as Shams ad -Din, was born in Tangier on 24 February 1304. As a young man, he left Tangier in 1325, embarking on a journey that would keep him out of his
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What was the provincial (Iqta) system of Delhi Sultanate

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  In the period of Sultanate, standard provincial administration was not established.   The standard provincial administration was in the time of  Akbar  for the first time.   According to   Ibn Battuta , the chief of 100 or 84 villages under the subdivision( परगना ) was called the century, its chief was Chaudhary. Ibn Battuta  came to India in the time of  Muhammad bin Tugluq. For the first time,  Balban  founded Shic(शिक), his kingdom was divided into Shics. Ibn Battuta  talked about 23 provinces in the time of  Muhammad bin Tugluq. Information about 55 subdivisions( परगनों ) gets in the time of  Feroz Tughlaq. Iqta system- The features of this system are as follows: The Iqta system had started outside India in Persia (Iran) region and in western Asia. The first  Iqta  in India – The region of Hansi (Haryana) given by Muhammad Gauri to Kutubuddin Aibak in the form of an Ikta was the first Iqta. After some time, the territory of Uchchh (Sindh) given to  Naseeruddin Kubacha  as an Iqta
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NABARD- National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development - Function , Contribution , Challenges and Conclusion .

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What is NABARD? In the year 1982, CRAFICARD or the Committee to Review Arrangements of Institutional Credit for Agriculture and Rural Development recommended the establishment of a developmental bank and accordingly, NABARD was set up.  It was formed by a special parliamentary act. The chief focus of the organisation was the advancement of rural India by enhancing the flow of credit for the upliftment of agriculture as well as the rural non-agricultural sector.  Functions of NABARD The functions of NABARD are described below. In order to build an empowered and financially inclusive rural India, NABARD has specific departments that work towards the desired goals. These departments can be collectively categorized into three majors units: Financial Developmental Supervision The financial support necessary to build rural infrastructure is provided by NABARD. Preparation of district-level credit plans by NABARD are
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RBI-Reserve Bank of India - Function and Role .

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What is RBI ? Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is India’s central bank. It controls the monetary policy concerning the national currency, the Indian rupee. The basic functions of the RBI are the issuance of currency, to sustain monetary stability in India, to operate the currency, and maintain the country’s credit system.   Functions of Reserve Bank of India Reserve Bank of India works as: Monetary Authority Implementation of monetary policies. Monitoring the monetary policies Ensuring price stability in the country considering the economic growth of the country Also, read about the  Monetary Policy Committee (MPC)  and know more about this six-member committee. Regulator and Administrator of the Financial System The RBI determines the comprehensive parameters of banking operations. These methods are responsible for the functioning of the country’s banking and financial system. Methods such as: License issuing Liquidity of assets
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Self Help Groups (SHGs)- Origin , Function , Need , Benefit , Opportunities , Weakness , Challenges

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What are SHGs? §   Self-Help Groups (SHGs) are informal associations of people who choose to come together to find ways to improve their living conditions. §   It can be defined as self governed, peer controlled information group of people with similar socio-economic background and having a desire to collectively perform common purpose. §   Villages face numerous problems related to poverty, illiteracy, lack of skills, lack of formal credit etc. These problems cannot be tackled at an individual level and need collective efforts. §   Thus SHG can become a vehicle of change for the poor and marginalized. SHG rely on the notion of “Self Help” to encourage self-employment and poverty alleviation. Functions §   It looks to  build the functional capacity  of the poor and the marginalized in the field of employment and income generating activities. §   It  resolves conflicts  through collective leadership and mutual discussion. §   It  provides collateral free loan  with terms
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